Aviation refers to the design, development, production, operation, and use of aircraft, particularly heavier-than-air aircraft such as airplanes and helicopters. It encompasses the activities surrounding the operation of aircraft, including air travel, the management of air traffic, and the various technologies and industries associated with aircraft and flight. Aviation is often divided into two main categories: civil aviation, which includes commercial air travel and cargo transport, and military aviation, which involves the use of aircraft for defense and combat purposes. The term also encompasses broader aspects such as airport operations, air traffic control, and regulatory frameworks governing air travel. Overall, aviation plays a critical role in global connectivity, trade, and transportation.