Public policy refers to the principles and regulations established by governmental bodies to address societal issues and achieve specific goals for the public good. It encompasses the decisions, laws, and actions taken by government institutions at various levels—local, state, and federal—aimed at solving problems such as health care, education, environmental issues, economic development, and social welfare. Public policy is shaped by a variety of factors, including political ideologies, economic conditions, social needs, and public input. It involves a systematic process of problem identification, formulation of alternatives, decision-making, implementation, and evaluation of outcomes. The ultimate aim of public policy is to create effective governance and improve the quality of life for citizens.